Ashgabat, situated in the heart of Central Asia, is surrounded by Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Iran. With no direct access to the sea, the city relies on its neighbors for trade and commerce. For years, Turkmenistan's economy suffered due to its landlocked status, with goods taking weeks or even months to reach international markets.
Today, both Ashgabat and Lhasa have transformed into vibrant cities, showcasing the resilience and adaptability of landlocked communities. While challenges remain, their experiences have provided valuable lessons: un landlocked countries
Sources: UN-OHRLLS, UNCTAD, World Bank (2023-2024 data). Ashgabat, situated in the heart of Central Asia,