"What goes in must come out (at the same time)."
Airflow Acceleration (Low Pressure) _───_ _─ ─_ ========> ===============> (Downward Deflection / Downwash) ─_ _─ ───── Airflow Deceleration (High Pressure) Conservation of Momentum (Newton’s Third Law) understanding aerodynamics arguing from the real physics pdf
), which measures the vortex-like rotation of a fluid velocity field around a closed loop. "What goes in must come out (at the same time)
This explanation violates physical reality. Wind tunnel experiments prove that air passing over the top of a wing reaches the trailing edge much faster than the air traveling underneath. The two packets of air never meet again. The Venturi Tube Misapplication The two packets of air never meet again
Where ρ is density, V is freestream velocity, and Γ is circulation.
Moving beyond "equal transit time" and other convenient fictions.
The relatively higher pressure underneath pushes the wing upward.