Primary Active Transport And Secondary Active Transport

Primary active transport is the "direct payer." In this process, the cell uses energy directly from the hydrolysis of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) to move substances against their gradient.

| Type | Direction | Example | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | The driving ion (e.g., Na⁺) and the target molecule move in the same direction across the membrane. | SGLT (Sodium-Glucose Linked Transporter): Na⁺ moves down its gradient into the cell, dragging glucose along with it (even if glucose is already high inside). | | Antiport (Exchange) | The driving ion moves in the opposite direction of the target molecule. | Na⁺/Ca²⁺ Exchanger (NCX): Na⁺ moves down its gradient into the cell, which drives Ca²⁺ out of the cell against its gradient. | primary active transport and secondary active transport