This restriction is usually a security or data-consistency feature designed to:
Since I’m not sure if you’re a looking for a technical fix or a user trying to finish a purchase, I’ve drafted a post for both scenarios. Option 1: For the Developer/Tech Support (The "Bug Report") checkout error: you are not allowed to update `email`
In Shopify, if a customer is already logged in, the checkout flow locks the email address to the account holder's identity for security. This restriction is usually a security or data-consistency