| VPN | Audit | Jurisdiction | Known logging | |-----|-------|--------------|----------------| | Mullvad | Yes (yearly) | Sweden | None (court-proven) | | ExpressVPN | Yes (multiple) | BVI | None | | Proton VPN | Yes | Switzerland | None | | IVPN | Yes | Gibraltar | None |
But no external test can prove what a VPN logs server-side. Trust here is partially faith-based. hotspot shield logging
🔍 Key distinction : They don’t log where you go online , but they do log when and how you connect — plus technical metrics. | VPN | Audit | Jurisdiction | Known
The coffee shop was loud, but Elias didn't mind. He was there for the free Wi-Fi and the anonymity of a crowd. He clicked the icon on his desktop—a blue shield that promised a "tunnel" through the noise. The coffee shop was loud, but Elias didn't mind
: Historically, the service has been noted for logging "user connection data," device hashes, and partial domain information for performance, marketing, and regulating free users .
Weeks later, a letter arrived. It wasn't a bill or a flyer. It was an advertisement from a local estate agent for a property just three blocks from that old house he'd researched. Then came an email about "exclusive timepiece auctions."